Categories
Fertility Problems

Fertility Drugs

There are different kinds of fertility drugs to stimulate the ovaries. Each has advantages and disadvantages in terms of time, negative side effects, cost, and so on. Some are taken orally, others require shots. Still, others are delivered via a pump which is worn at the waist with a drip feed entering a vein in the arm; this allows for small doses to be slowly and steadily absorbed.

Fertility drugs work in various ways, usually on the pituitary and/or hypothalamus. They stimulate the ovaries in the early part of the cycle to produce more and better follicles. They are very effective; 80 to 90 percent of women will ovulate regularly on the 13th or 14th day. Where the only cause of infertility is poor ovulation, there is a very good chance of pregnancy.

In fact, fertility drugs stimulate the ovaries so successfully that more than one egg is produced. This results in the problem of multiple births. There is a 10 to 25 percent chance of twins and triplets; with higher numbers, some of the embryos die, and/or are severely retarded. Though fertility drugs do involve multiple births, further research may soon reduce this risk.

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Fertility Problems

Body Weight

Fat cells absorb and release the female hormone estrogen. In women who are overweight, estrogen is not only produced by the ovaries, but also from the extra fat cells in other parts of the body. This release of extra estrogen from extra fat cells upsets the fine balance of the feedback system between the pituitary hormones and estrogen. If the problem can be detected on the bathroom scales, reduce weight to within the normal range for age.

Overweight in men. Heat damages sperm production. In men who are overweight, an excess of flesh at the buttocks, inner thighs, and lower abdomen not only keeps the groin hot, it raises the temperature in the testicles. This reduces their ability to produce vigorous sperm. The testicles should be a few degrees below body heat; hence their cooler position outside the body. Wear loose cotton shorts, and reduce weight to within the normal range for age.

Underweight in women. Being underweight can also upset the feedback system between the hormones. A certain level of fat cells is necessary for hormone production. If body weight drops too low, ovulation can be suppressed. Some women athletes and long-distance runners have scanty or absent periods. Avoid crash diets. Avoid any slimming or exercise program which promises a sudden weight loss or one which drops the body weight below the minimum normal range. Increase carbohydrate consumption. Aim for an even body weight within the normal range for age.

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Erectile Dysfunction

Volunteered Sex Partners

Over that 11 years, 13 women have been accepted from a total of 31 volunteers for assignment as partner surrogates. Their ages ranged from 24 to 43 years when they joined the research program. Although all but two of the women had been previously married, none of the volunteers were married when living their role as a partner surrogate.

The levels of formal education for the partner surrogates were high-school graduate, additional formal secretarial training, college matriculation, college graduates, and postgraduate degrees in biological and behavioural sciences. Nine of the 13 women had a child or children before joining the program.

Ten of these women also were committed to full-time employment outside of their role as partner surrogate; one did part time volunteer work and the remaining two were caring for very young children.

Every effort has been made to screen from this section of the total research population women with whom the cotherapist did not feel totally secure attitudinally or socially, and approximately 60 percent of those women volunteering for roles as partner surrogate were not accepted.

Of the 13 women accepted, 6 had previously served as members of the study-subject population during the physiological investigative phase of the research program, and 7 volunteered their services for this specific Clinical function.

The reasons expressed for such voluntary cooperation were varied but of real significance. During the screening process, each woman was interrogated in depth while the interviewers were acquiring medical, social, and sexual histories from which to evaluate the individual’s potential as a partner surrogate.

The investigation was conducted by male and female interrogators both singly and in teams. If interrogation indicated potential as a substitute partner, the three involved individuals (volunteer and interrogators) discussed this concept in detail, examining both the positive and the negative aspects of such a service.

No attempt ever was made to persuade any woman to serve as a partner surrogate. Volunteers who showed hesitancy or evidence of personal concern were eliminated from this potential role in the research program.

Of major interest was the fact that 9 of the 13 volunteers were interested in contributing their services on the basis of personal knowledge of sexual dysfunction or sex-oriented distress within their immediate family. Three women previously had contended with sexually inadequate husbands.

One man committed suicide, one died in the armed services, and the third, unable to face the psychosocial pressures of his sexual dysfunction, became an alcoholic. This man’s loss of security in his male role led to divorce, following which the woman volunteered as a partner surrogate.

In five instances there was positive history of sexually oriented trauma within the immediate family. The traumatic episodes varied from teenage gang rape of a younger sister to failure of a brother’s marriage due to his overt homosexual orientation. Of the remaining four volunteers, three women had more prosaic reasons for essaying the role of a partner surrogate.

The expressed needs were unresolved sexual tensions, a need for opportunity of social exchange, and an honest interest in helping dysfunctional men repair their ego strengths as sexually adequate males.

Finally, a physician, frankly quite curious about the partner-surrogate role, offered her services to evaluate the potentials (if any) of the role. When convinced of the desperate need for such a partner in the treatment of sexual dysfunction in the unmarried male, she continued as a partner surrogate, contributing both personal and professional experiences to develop the role to a peak of effectiveness.

Intelligent woman

The therapists are indeed more than indebted to this intelligent woman. Many of her suggestions as to personal approaches and psychosocially supportive techniques are original contributions to therapeutic process. They are solidly incorporated in the total investigative effort directed toward relief of male sexual inadequacy.

Her contributions to the treatment program range far beyond substantiating the basic contribution inherent in the role of partner surrogate.

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Erectile Dysfunction

Sex Partner and Impotence

While developing therapy concepts and procedural patterns at onset of the clinical investigative approach to sexual dysfunction in 1959, there were many severe problems to be faced. One of the most prominent concerns was the demand to develop a psychosocial rationale for therapeutic control of unmarried men and women that might be referred for treatment.

During 11 years of treatment, 54 men and 3 women were unmarried when referred by their local authority with complaints of sexual dysfunction. In a statistical breakdown relative to intake diagnosis, 16 men were premature ejaculators, one was an incompetent ejaculator, 21 were primarily impotent, and 16 were secondarily impotent.

The three women were orgasmically dysfunctional, one primarily and two situationally (coital orgasmic inadequacy).

The immediate problem to be faced was the obvious clinical demand for a female partner a partner to share the patient’s concerns for successful treatment, to cooperate in developing physically the suggestions presented during sessions in therapy, and most important, to exemplify for the male various levels of female responsivity.

All of these factors are essential, if effective sexual functioning is to be returned to the sexually inadequate man. In brief, someone to hold on to, talk to, work with, learn from, be a part of, and above all else, give to and get from during the sexually dysfunctional male’s two weeks in the acute phase of therapy.

The term replacement partner is used to describe the partner of his or her choice brought by a sexually inadequate unmarried man or woman to share the experiences and the education of the clinical therapy program.

Partner surrogate has been reserved to indicate the partner provided by the cotherapists for an unmarried man referred for treatment who has no one to provide psychological and physiological support during the acute phase of the therapy.

The final listing, that of marital partners, includes not only husband and wife units, but also former husbands and wives, divorced or legally separated, who choose to join each other in mutual hope of a reversal of the sexual dysfunction that was a major contributor to the legal dissolution of the marriage.

Nine such units legally separated at intake have been seen in therapy in the last 11 years. Statistically, these units have not been treated separately from the legally married units referred for therapy.

Thirteen of the 54 non-married men brought replacement partners of choice who were most willing to cooperate with the therapists to enable their sexually dysfunctional men to establish effective sexual performance. The three unmarried women also brought replacement partners of their choice to participate in therapy.

These replacement partners were men with whom they had established relationships of significant duration, as well as the personal warmth and security that develops from free exchange of vulnerability and affection.

Partner surrogates have been made available for 41 men during the 11 years. This situation has involved basic administrative and procedural decisions. Should the best possible climate for full return of therapeutic effort be created for the incredibly vulnerable unmarried males referred for constitution or reconstitution of sexual functioning, or should there be professional concession to the mores of society, with full knowledge that if a decision to dodge the issue was made, a significant increase in percentage of therapeutic failure must be anticipated?

Unmarried Impotent Men

Whose dysfunctional status could be reversed to allow assumption of effective roles in society would continue sexually incompetent. From a clinical point of view there really was only one alternative. Either the best possible individual return from therapeutic effort must be guaranteed the patient, or the Foundation must refuse to treat unmarried men or women for the symptoms of sexual inadequacy.

Either every effort must be made to meet the professional responsibility of accepting referrals of severely dysfunctional men and women from authority everywhere in or out of the country, or admission to clinical procedure must be denied. It would have been inexcusable to accept referral of unmarried men and women and then give them statistically less than 25 percent chance of reversal of their dysfunctional status by treating them as individuals without partners.

This figure has been reached by culling the literature for material published from other centers, since it is against Foundation policy to treat the sexually dysfunction individual as a single entity. If the concept that therapy of both partners for sexual inadequacy has great advantage over prior clinical limitations to treatment of the sexually dysfunctional individual without support of marital partner, then partners must be available.

Statistically there no longer is any question about the advantage of educating and treating men and women together when attacking the clinical concerns of male or female sexual inadequacy.

For these reasons the therapeutic technique of replacement partners and partner surrogates will continue as Foundation policy:

It should be emphasized that no thought was ever given to employing the prostitute population. For reasons that will become obvious as the contributions of the replacement-partner and partner-surrogate populations are described, so much more is needed and demanded from a substitute partner than effectiveness of purely physical sexual performance that to use prostitutes would have been at best clinically unsuccessful and at worst psychologically disastrous.

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Erectile Dysfunction

Sexual Replacement

Thirteen women have accompanied unmarried men to the Foundation, agreeing to serve as replacement partners to support these men during treatment for sexual dysfunction. In all instances, both individuals were accepted in therapy with full knowledge of the referring authority.

Since the women were selected by the men involved, they were accepted as if they were wives. They were interrogated in-depth and attended all therapy sessions. They lived with the unmarried males as marital partners, in contrast to the partner surrogate, who spent only specific hours during each day with the sexually dysfunctional male.

Details of treatment for the various forms of male sexual dysfunction need not be repeated; clinical situations with replacement partners are managed in the same way as with wives.

Of the 13 men, 4 were premature ejaculators who with the aid of their replacement partners had this particular symptom brought under control. Of the 2 men who were primarily impotent, 1 achieved success in coital function and the other finished the course of therapy without resolving his sexual dysfunction.

Of the 7 secondarily impotent men who brought replacement partners to therapy, 5 experienced a successful reversal of their symptoms during the two-week clinical program.

Three unmarried women referred to the Foundation brought with them replacement partners of their choice. In each instance, the current relationship was one of significant duration. The shortest span of mutual commitment was reported as six months. Two of the three women had previously been married.

Replacement Partners

Were treated as husbands of sexually inadequate wives. They attended all sessions and went through in-depth history taking to provide information sufficient to define their roles in providing relief for their distressed women companions.

Two women provided histories of situational orgasmic dysfunction with occasional orgasmic return with manipulative or mouth genital approaches, but they had never been orgasmic during coition. In one instance coital orgasmic return was accomplished.

In the second it was not. In both circumstances, the male replacement partners were totally cooperative with therapists and patients. In the third instance, a woman reporting that she had never been orgasmic was indeed fully orgasmic both with manipulative and coital opportunities during the acute phase of the therapeutic program. Again, full cooperation from the replacement partner was both expected and received.

No unmarried woman has been referred for therapy without being accompanied by a replacement partner of her choice, nor has there been any professional concept that a male partner surrogate would be provided if an unmarried woman had been unable to establish a meaningful relationship with a cooperative man before referral to the program.

Refusing to make a male partner surrogate available to a sexually inadequate woman, yet providing a female partner surrogate for a dysfunctional man seems to imply application of a double standard for clinical treatment; such is not the case.

As repeatedly described, psychosocial factors encouraged in this method of psychotherapy are developed from the individual’s existing value system.

Sexual Heritage

A man places a primary valuation on his capacity for effective sexual function. This is both valid and realistic. His sexual effectiveness fulfills the requirement of procreation and is honored with society’s approval, thereby providing support for the cultural idiosyncrasy of equating sexual function with masculinity.

Even prior exposure to a “sex is sin” environment does not preempt this primary valuation. As a result, a man usually regards the contribution made by a partner surrogate as he would a prescription for other physical incapacities. Further, he is able to value a woman who makes such a contribution.

For him, the restoration of sexual function justifies putting aside temporarily any other value requirements which might exist.

For her, on the other hand does not have a similar sexual heritage. As far as is known, her effectiveness of sexual function is not necessary to procreation.

In addition, prevailing attitudes through much of history have not encouraged valuation of female sexuality as a means of human expression.

Therefore, partner surrogate selection for the sexually incompetent woman would require quite different psychosocial considerations than would a similar selection for a sexually inadequate man.

Socio culturally induced requirements are usually reflected by woman’s need for a relatively meaningful relationship which can provide her with “permission” to value her own sexual function. It is the extreme difficulty of meeting this requirement in a brief, two-week period which influenced Foundation policy to deny the incorporation of the male partner surrogate into treatment concepts, yet to accept male replacement partners selected by the unmarried women themselves to join them in the program.

In all cases, the length and security of the relationship had been firmly established before the patient was referred. This key area of therapeutic concern was, of course, carefully checked with referring authority before accepting the unmarried woman for treatment.

For the sexually dysfunctional woman, security of an established man-woman relationship, real identification with the male partner, and warmth and expression of mutual emotional responsivity are all of vital concern first, in securing a positively oriented sexual value system and, second, in promoting effective sexual functioning.

These social and sexual securities cannot be established in the brief period of time available during the acute phase of the therapeutic program. For these reasons, the use of a male partner surrogate in the treatment of sexually dysfunctional unmarried women was felt contraindicated.

Categories
Erectile Dysfunction

Role of Partner Surrogate

The specific function of the partner surrogate is to approximate insofar as possible the role of a supportive, interested, cooperative wife. Her contributions are infinitely more valuable as a means of psychological support than as a measure of physiological initiation, although obviously both roles are vitally necessary if a male’s inadequacies of sexual performance are to be reversed successfully.

As stated, partner surrogates have:

A significant degree of sexual experience before joining the program. They are fully sexually responsive as women, and, as is true with most confidently responsive women, understandingly and compassionately concerned for the frustrations of a sexually inadequate male.

It would have been a tragic mistake to assign to the role of partner surrogate any woman with the slightest question as to her own facility for sexual responsivity, or a woman who could not convey pride and confidence in her own innate femaleness. It is only from a baseline of psychosocial confidence that effective therapeutic support can be projected by sexually secure women.

Sexual Performance Psychological Support

When a partner surrogate joins the therapy program she is subjected to exhaustive description of male sexual functioning with explanations oriented to both the physiology and psychology of male sexual response. The male fears of performance, his spectator role in sexual inadequacy, the inevitable sense of failure as an individual developed in the bedroom and then applied to daily living, his sense of personal inadequacy as a man are all discussed in detail.

Sexual Responsivity Question

based on the woman’s experience with adequate male sexual functioning are raised and answers are interpolated into’ examples of simple variations that develop into sexual dysfunctions.

In short, as thorough indoctrination as possible is always the procedure of choice.

In the orientation of a woman as a potential partner surrogate, specific attention is devoted to techniques that will tend to place the anxious, tension-filled male at ease socially as well as physically.

The therapists begin by relying on the specifics of the woman’s basic experience with interpersonal relationships as elicited from detailed history-taking during her interviews. Each woman’s security in her own role as a human female is a vitally important departure point in the area of social exchange.

When assuming an active role in the clinical therapy of any sexually incompetent man, the partner surrogate is given detailed information of the individual male’s psychosexual background and the cause for and specifics of his sexual dysfunction and is kept thoroughly informed on a day-to-day basis as to the professional team’s concept of therapeutic progress.

No other identifiable personal details of the involved male other than name are ever provided. Even this is masked if the name is well-known. The patient is cautioned against providing relevant personal information.

In the same vein, the partner surrogate never exchanges any personal information that might lead to her identification in the future.

Shortly after the roundtable discussion, the first meeting between the patient and his partner surrogate is arranged. The first meeting is always limited to a social commitment. Usually the couple go to dinner and spend a casual evening in order to develop communication and comfort in each other’s company.

It is at this first meeting that the partner surrogate makes one of her most important contributions. Before any attempt can be made toward reversal of existent sexual dysfunction, the anxious male must first be placed at ease socially.

He develops this ease from first hand knowledge of the partner surrogate through observing her personal appearance, preference in food or drink, manner of dress and of social conduct, and the way she verbally communicates with him.

During the evening the man also has an opportunity to define the general level of her formal education. She may discuss at some length such relatively non controversial subjects as sports, the arts, current events, but discussions of such explosive subjects as comparative religions or partisan politics are left to the patient.

Sexual research:

Every effort is made by cotherapists to match the sexual dysfunctional man and his partner surrogate as to age, personality, and educational and social background. It has been infrequent that a partner surrogate has contributed in this clinical role more than once a year in view of the number of 13 volunteers available for the 41 partnerless men, over the 11 years existence of the research program.

Some partner surrogates have not been utilized by the therapy teams with even this frequency. The psychosocial strain involved in making such an immeasurable personal contribution under the difficult circumstances prohibits frequent use of a particular partner surrogate.

Sexual Social and Physical Support

Once social exchange has been established, the partner surrogate moves into a wife’s role as the treatment phase is expanded. She joins the sexually inadequate male in both social and physical release of the tensions that accrue during the therapy.

With the exception of attending the individual therapy sessions, every step that a wife would take as a participant with her husband in the therapeutic program is taken with the dysfunctional non married male by his partner surrogate. The partner surrogate is briefed on a daily basis (as described above) but under separate circumstances so that her identity is never connected with the program.

The use of a partner surrogate (who is far better oriented to problems of male sexual dysfunction than most wives), although lacking the established pattern of communication possibilities and the mutual opportunity at full exchange of vulnerabilities potentially present in any established marriage, has achieved excellent results.

Levels of success have been far better than originally anticipated. One would expect that if the concept of the partner surrogate had real clinical value, the statistics of symptom reversal would have to approach those attained by the husband and wifes referred to the Foundation for relief of sexual dysfunction.

Male sexual dysfunctions

In fact, the values in reported reversals of male sexual dysfunctions returned by the admixture of partner surrogates and sexually inadequate males were approximately equal to those achieved by cooperative wives and husbands in marital-unit referrals.

The 41 unmarried men that worked with a partner surrogate included 12 premature ejaculators, 1 incompetent ejaculator, and 19 primarily impotent and 9 secondarily impotent men. It should be emphasized that 8 of the 12 premature ejaculators, 7 of the 9 secondarily impotent, and 4 of the 19 primarily impotent men had previously been married. Three of these men had been married twice previously.

In all cases the marriage had been terminated, reportedly due to the couple’s distress occasioned by the basic sexual inadequacy. Each of these formerly married men had been previously exposed to psychotherapy to relieve their dysfunctional symptoms without success.

With direct support of the partner surrogate all 12 of the premature ejaculators and the 1 incompetent ejaculator were relieved of their dysfunctional symptoms. There were 7 failures to establish effective coital function among the 19 primarily impotent unmarried men treated with the support of partner surrogates. There were 2 failures to reverse symptoms among the 9 instances of secondarily impotent unmarried men.

Thus of the 41 unmarried men referred to the Foundation by a source acceptable to the Foundation for treatment of sexual dysfunctions, 32 had their symptoms reversed with the support of partner surrogates and 24 of these 32 have subsequently married. All 24 have described an on-going, successful marriage. There has been one reported reversal of sexually functional status (a secondarily impotent man) in the newly contracted 24 marriages.

In view of the statistics there is no question that the decision to provide partner surrogates for sexually incompetent unmarried men has been one of the more effective clinical decisions made during the past eleven years devoted to the development of treatment for sexual inadequacy.

Categories
Erectile Dysfunction

Primary Impotence

Usually it is impossible to delineate, without reservation, untoward maternal influence as a primary etiological factor in primary impotence. However, there have been three specific instances of overt mother-son sexual encounters in the histories of the 32 primarily impotent males.

In all three instances the father was either permanently removed from or rarely encountered in the home. In two of the three instances the young male was the only child in the home and in the third, he was the youngest of three children by 11 years.

In all three instances the young man slept in the mother’s bedroom routinely before, during, and after puberty. Two slept in their mothers’ beds until they were well into their teenage years. Attempted incestuous coition has not been reported in this series of primarily impotent men but there is a positive history from one of the three males of awakening on several occasions to maternally manipulated ejaculatory experiences during the early teenage years.

The second man, though reporting no instance of overt sexual advance from his mother, described his mother’s sleeping nude with him.

In the third instance the mother insisted upon washing the boy’s genitals when he was bathing. The practice, apparently continued from the diaper stage, was established so early that the man cannot remember otherwise. Maternal demands for adherence to such a behavioural pattern continued into the teenage years with occasions of violent scrubbing until ejaculatory episodes interposed in the bath.

The maternal reactions varied initially from presumed anger and administration of physical punishment to specifically conducted manipulative episodes when the young man was in his mid teens. There was obvious maternal pleasure in her son’s ejaculatory response to her manipulation. Ultimately she assured her son that “no other girl will be able to please you as Mother can.”

Impotent History

There are six histories among the 32 primarily impotent men relating the tribulations of virginal men restricted from any form of overt sexual activity during the teenage courting years by family adherence to demanding forms of religious orthodoxy. The six men grew up in households (two Jewish and four Catholic) where strict religious orthodoxy was a way of life.

These men, struggling with the repressive weight of an incredible number of behavioural “thou-shalt-nots,” were supported by a negligible number of “thou-shalts.” They uniformly approached their wedding nights tragically handicapped by misinformation, misconception, and unresolved sexual taboos.

To prejudice further any opportunity for developing an immediately successful sexual relationship, the new wife in five of the six marriages was equally physically and mentally virginal, as would be expected of a product of similarly strict religious orthodoxy.

The wives’ inadequacies of sexual knowledge, their misconceptions, and their inevitable post-marital psychosocial adherence to premarital theological sexual taboos only contributed additional performance tensions to those placed by our culture upon the anxious, frightened, virginal males during their first attempts to consummate their marriages.

Impotent and Premarital Sex

When premarital sexual expression has been restricted to handholding, the first fumbling, bumbling, theologically and legally acceptable attempts at sexual connection are often unsuccessful. This psychosocial diversion of the natural biophysical process may evolve into the disastrous combination of a severely shredded male ego further traumatized by the unreasonable, but so understandable, female partner’s virginally blind insistence that he “do something.”

This semi hysterical supplication first whispered, then suggested, eventually demanded, and finally, screamed, “Do something,” renders the equally virginal and equally traumatized male incapable not only of effective sexual function but also of situational comprehension.

His wife’s emotional importuning creates such a concept of frustration, failure, and loss of masculine stature that the husband and wife are frequently repeated, obviously frantic attempts at sexual connection usually are doomed to failure.

Severe religious orthodoxy may indoctrinate the teenager with the concept that any form of overt sexual activity prior to marriage not only is totally unacceptable but is personally destructive, demoralizing, degrading, dehumanizing, and injurious to one’s physical and/or mental health.

Perhaps even more unfortunate, the psychosocial expectations, if any, for the sexual relationship in marriage are given no honourable factual support. Varying combinations of these precepts have become an integral part of the sexual value systems of the six men for whom religious orthodoxy was defined as a major etiological factor in their primary impotence and have been recited in parrot like style to the cotherapists during intake, interviews.

Virgin Wife

It is fortunate that more virginal males of similar background, failing in their tension-filled initial exposures to the physical verities of marital sexual functioning, do not succumb to the pressures of these frightening initial episodes of failure by developing the relevant symptoms of primary impotence.

Each of the five virginal wives with orthodox religious backgrounds similar to those of their new husbands also had to be treated for vaginismus at the same time their husbands were faced with therapeutic concerns for clinical reversal of their primary impotence. There was no positive concept of effective sexual functioning or confidence in sexual performance expressed by any of the 10 individuals involved in these traumatized marriages.

One of the wives did not have a background of religious orthodoxy paralleling that of her husband, although she was of similar faith. Reflecting more freedom of sexual expression, which included four instances of coital experience with an earlier fiance, she accepted her future husband’s orthodox religious concepts during their engagement period.

At marriage she was as psychologically virginal as any of the other five wives. Although she could have helped immeasurably during her husband’s first fumbling attempts at coital connection, she dared not suggest alternatives to his unbelievably untutored sexual approaches for fear she would evidence a suspicious degree of sexual knowledge.

She thought that she had to protect his concept of her physically virginal state at all costs. In this case the cost was high. It amounted to 11 years of unconsummated marriage.

Categories
Erectile Dysfunction

Impotence, Homosexual and Heterosexual

Commitment to an overt pattern of homosexual response in the early to middle teenage years also emerged as a major etiological factor in failed coital connection during initial and all subsequent heterosexual exposures for another 6 of the 32 primarily impotent men seen in therapy.

Homosexual Relationships

For four of these men relationships were established in the 13 to16 year age bracket and were specifically meaningful to the involved teenagers. One relationship was with a peer and three others with older men (early twenties to mid thirties). The fifth in this group of six primarily impotent men voluntarily established a semi permanent association at age 20 with a man in his early thirties.

These five histories reflected homosexual relationships ranging in duration from nine months to more than three years. Although all relationships were discontinued before there was serious thought of establishing permanent heterosexual alliances, it is of interest that they were terminated by the partners of the young men.

When initially seen in therapy all five of these heterosexually dysfunctional men considered themselves basically homophile in orientation and felt that a lifetime commitment had been made through their initial indoctrination into homosexual functioning.

None of these five men provided a history of attempted rectal intromission, although three of the five had submitted to rectal penetration. Since there was no mounting attempt on their part, the clinical diagnosis of primary impotence has not been challenged.

Had they been successful in anal intromission, they would Not have been classified as primarily impotent.

The remaining instance of homosexual identification as a plausible etiological agent in primary impotence was that of a virginal man of 21 years referred to psychotherapy for nervous tension, intermittent periods of depression, and compulsive lack of effective academic progress.

The therapist convinced the young man that his unresolved tensions were derived from the natural frustrations of a latent homosexual and introduced him to the physical aspects of mouth genital functioning in a patient-therapist relationship.

This homosexual relationship lasted for 18 months, only to be terminated abruptly when the patient’s family no longer could afford the cost of the twice-weekly sessions.

Anal sex was not attempted.

In three of these six instances of homophile identification, the totally dominant mother was in full control of family decisions in social, behavioural, and financial. The father was living in the home but was allowed no other role except provider.

The remaining three young men described a relatively well-balanced family life. The religious aspects of the six backgrounds ranged from atheism to family demand for regularity of church attendance. There was no strict orthodoxy.

Two of these six young men had married but neither was successful in consummating the union; nor had psychotherapeutic procedures, instituted some months after failed consummation, provided the men with confidence to think and feel sexually in their newly established heterosexual relationship.

One marriage was dissolved legally; the other was ongoing at therapy. When first seen, each of these six men stated unequivocally their basic interest in and desire for facility of heterosexual functioning. In only two instances, however, was there also the collaterally expressed desire to withdraw permanently from any form of homosexual functioning.

Normal Impotent

There are four recorded primarily impotent male histories from the series of 32 impotent men with basically stable family, religious, and personal backgrounds whose initial failure at coital connection was specifically associated with a traumatic experience developing from prostitute involvement with their first experience at coition.

Three of these virginal young men (two late teenage and one 32 year old) each sought prostitute opportunity in the most debilitated sections of cities in which they were living and were so repulsed by their neophyte observations of the squalor of the prostitute’s quarters, the dehumanizing quality of her approach, and the physically unappetizing, essentially repulsive quality of the woman involved that they could not achieve or maintain an erection.

The fact:

Their own poor judgment had rendered them vulnerable to a level of social environment to which they were unaccustomed and for which they were unprepared never occurred to them. In two of these instances their frantic attempts to establish an erection amused the prostitutes and their obvious fears of performance were derided.

The third young man was assured that “he would never be able to get the job done for any woman if he couldn’t get it done here and now with a pro.”

In the fourth instance initial sexual attempt, also prostitute-oriented, took place during a multiple coital episode in which the same woman was being shared. The young man (age 19) was the last member of the group of five friends scheduled to perform sexually with the same prostitute.

No sexual experience

With no previous sexual experience, his natural anxieties were markedly enhanced and quickly compounded into fears of performance by the enforced waiting period while his predecessors in line returned to describe in lurid detail their successes in the bedroom.

Overwhelmed by the rapidly multiplying pressures inherent in these circumstances, the young man predictably had difficulty attaining an erection when his turn finally arrived. There were verbalized demands to hurry by his restless, satiated peers and from the impatient prostitute.

Faced with a performance demand measured by a specific time span and a concept of personal inadequacy (he carried the usual virgin male’s concern for comparative penile size into the bedroom), the young man was pressured beyond any ability to perform and unable to regard the pressured circumstances with objectivity.

Inevitably, this initial failure at sexual functioning resulted in markedly magnified fears of performance. Subsequent attempts at coital connection both with members of the prostitute population and within his own social stratum also proved unsuccessful.

Not all instances of failed attempts at initial coital connection have an established etiological patterning that possibly predisposes to failure.

In the histories of primarily impotent men seen in therapy, there is a wide variety of other factors associated with each man’s ego, destructive episode of failure at his first coital opportunity.

n fact, among the remaining 13 men from the 32 males referred with the complaint of primary impotence, there are (with one exception) no duplicates in the patterns of their initial traumatic sexual episodes.

Categories
Erectile Dysfunction

Impotence or Erectile Dysfunction

For clinical purposes the primary impotence man arbitrarily has been defined as a male or penis never able to achieve and/or maintain an erection quality sufficient to accomplish successful coital connection. If erection is established and then lost under the influence of real or imagined distractions relating to coital opportunity, the erection usually is dissipated without accompanying ejaculatory response.

NO man is considered primarily impotent if he has been successful in any attempt at intromission in either heterosexual or homosexual opportunity.

the 11 years of the investigative program in sexual inadequacy 32 primarily impotent males have been accepted for treatment. Of these, 21 were unmarried when seen in therapy; 4 of the 21 men have histories of prior marriage contracts with either an annulment or a divorce legally attesting to their failures in sexual performance. The remaining 11 primarily impotent men were married when referred to the Foundation with their wives in the hope of consummating their marriages. These unconsummated marriages have ranged from 7 month to 18 year duration.

Negation of the young male’s potential for effective sexual functioning has been thought to originate almost entirely in derogatory influences of family background. Without denying the importance of familial investment, the natural social associations of the adolescent as he ventures from his security base are also statistically of major importance.

The etiological factors that are in large measure responsible for individually intolerable levels of anxiety either prior to or during initial attempts at sexual connection are untoward maternal influences, psychosocial restrictions originating with religious orthodoxy, involvement in homosexual functioning, and personal devaluation from prostitute experience.

It always must be borne in mind that multiple etiological factors usually are influencing the primarily impotent male. Categorical assignment of a dominant etiological role is purely an arbitrary professional decision. Others might differ significantly were they to review the same material. Case histories have been kept at a didactic level for illustrative purposes.

Categories
Erectile Dysfunction

Influence to Penis

There is a recorded history of one man whose failed attempt at initial coitus developed while he was partially under the influence of drugs.

Two men (the exception mentioned above) failed in their first attempts at vaginal penetration under the influence of excessive alcohol consumption. In none of the 12 individual patterns among these 13 men is there specific evidence to support psychodynamic concepts of the dominant mother and the meek and docile father or the inadequate mother and the supremely dominant father.

The one common factor:

The men had restrictive input from an immature or even negatively disposed sexual value system. The psychosocial system certainly exerted overwhelmingly dominant influence on the biophysical component.

The interesting observation remains that, although there obviously are instances when primary impotence almost seems preordained by prior environmental influence, there frequently is a psychosexually traumatic episode directly associated with the first coital experience that establishes a negative psychosocial influence pattern or even a life-style of sexual dysfunction for the traumatized man.

Penis and Emotional Influence

The male with a meaningful, well-established homosexual orientation in his teenage years may be expected to experience varying strengths of conditioning against active heterosexual involvement. Similarly, a negative sexual value system can be anticipated from blind adherence to any form of religions orthodoxy.

Particularly does orthodox orientation develop as a psychosexual handicap when the wife-to-be has matured in similar religious environment. Aside from prescribed religious orthodoxy, there is little evidence that familial influence, so frequently held the primary suspect in the multiple etiologies of sexual dysfunctions, carries much statistical weight.

Certainly in the histories of primarily impotent males there are recorded instances of compulsively neurotic maternal influence, including forms of direct mother-son sexual encounter. But little is known of unopposed maternal dominance or direct mother-son sexual encounter relative to the anticipated percentage of resultant primary impotence.

What is known of the individual psychosocial characteristics of young men who are bent and occasionally broken almost beyond repair by the oppressive conditioning of unopposed maternal dominance, orthodox theological control, or homosexual orientation that another youth in similar circumstances might consider serious, but not of lasting moment?

Most men so traumatized in their teens or early twenties survive the stresses of their initial opportunity for heterosexual coition, whether or not successful, and move into a continuum of effective sexual functioning with facility and pleasure. As time passes they at least partially neutralize the negative psychosocial influences that have accrued as a combination of their environmental backgrounds and the trauma of their initial coital failures.

Penis and Social Influence

One cannot propose that environmental influence inflicts upon young males such a depth of psychosocial insecurity that statistically they must find themselves inadequate to react to the tension-filled demand of the initial coital occasion. For to make such an assumption would be to negate the influence of their biophysical system.

As an auxiliary to the Foundation’s basic research concepts of evaluating sexual functioning in our culture, investigators continually record histories of young men sexually traumatized beyond any reasonably acceptable measure, indeed well beyond the scope of the acute episodes described here.

These men may have failed to:

Perform successfully during their initial coital exposure and for a considerable period of time thereafter may have continued sexually inadequate. Yet they have recovered from their experiences with sexual dysfunction without specific psychotherapeutic support.

As far as can be, ascertained from corroborative histories of husband and wife, have led effectively functional heterosexual lives. Regardless of the depth of the specific trauma resultant from a prejudicial sexual value system, ultimately it is the interdigital response patterns of the psychosocial and the biophysical systems and the individual characteristics of the men directly involved that predicate sexual survival or failure.

Of these characteristics we know so little. It is relatively easy for the cotherapist retrospectively to identify etiological influence in states of sexual dysfunction, but to generalize from such specific retroflection is statistically unsupportable and psycho dynamically unacceptable.

In brief, the etiology of primary impotence has a multiplicity of factors. In most of these instances, the unexplained sensitivity of the particular male to psychosocial influence adjudicates the specific failures of the virginal experience with sexual function into subsequently high levels of concern for performance.

Sexual Peers

Most of his peers would not perform inadequately under similarly combined pressures of prior environmental handicapping or the immediacy of sexual trauma. At present it not only is statistically inadequate but also psychotherapeutically inappropriate to attempt definitive correlation of etiological factors for primary impotence.

From an investigative point of view, it is infinitely healthier to admit that we really have no concept of the specific psychodynamic factors that render the young man failing in his first coital connection susceptible to continuing failure at sexual performance.

The approaches to reconstitution of male sexual function from secondary impotence are essentially similar to therapeutic considerations of primary impotence. Therefore, the erectile treatment techniques and program statistics for both primary and secondary impotence will be presented in a separate discussion considering the subject from a composite point of view.

Since there have been more unmarried men referred for primary impotence than for any of the other three distresses in the continuum of male sexual dysfunction (premature ejaculation, incompetent ejaculation, and secondary impotence), a discussion of use of replacement partners, or partner surrogates, in cooperation with authority will be presented as an integral part of this chapter.